In a medium bowl, beat cream cheese, ¼ cup sugar, and 1 teaspoon vanilla until smooth. Cover and refrigerate while making the dough.
In a small bowl, whisk together flour, baking powder, and salt.
In a large bowl, cream butter, ¾ cup granulated sugar, and brown sugar until light and fluffy, about 2-3 minutes.
Add eggs one at a time, then vanilla, beating well after each addition.
Add eggs one at a time, then vanilla, beating well after each addition.
Chill dough for 30 minutes. Meanwhile, preheat oven to 350°F and line baking sheets with parchment paper.
In a small bowl, mix ½ cup sugar and cinnamon for coating.
Scoop 1 tablespoon of dough and flatten into a disc. Place ½ teaspoon cheesecake filling in center.
Top with another tablespoon of flattened dough and seal edges completely. Roll into a ball.
Place dough balls 2 inches apart on prepared baking sheets.
Bake for 10-12 minutes until set but not browned.
Let cool on baking sheet for 5 minutes, then roll warm cookies in cinnamon-sugar mixture.
Allow to cool completely on wire rack.